TRANSFORMASI PEMBELAJARAN GEOGRAFI MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN MODUL BERBASIS MASSIVE OPEN ONLINE COURSE (MOOC) DAN BAHAN AJAR AUDIO VISUAL: SUDI LITERATURE REVIEW
Keywords:
MOOC, Bahan Ajar Audio Visual, Pembelajaran Geografi, Transformasi Digital, Literature ReviewAbstract
The rapid advancement of digital technology has transformed educational practices from conventional classroom instruction into flexible, technology-based learning environments. Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have emerged as one of the most significant innovations by providing open and accessible learning opportunities regardless of geographical and time limitations. In addition, audio-visual instructional materials play an essential role in geography education because geographical concepts often involve dynamic spatial phenomena that require effective visualization. This study aims to analyze the development of research on MOOC-based learning modules and audio-visual instructional materials in geography education through a literature review approach. The study reviews national and international scholarly publications published between 2019 and 2026. The findings indicate that MOOCs improve learning flexibility, learner autonomy, and educational accessibility. Meanwhile, audio-visual instructional materials significantly enhance students' motivation, spatial thinking skills, conceptual understanding, and learning outcomes. The integration of MOOCs with audio-visual learning resources offers an innovative learning strategy that supports twenty-first-century education by providing contextual, interactive, and student-centered learning experiences
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